Ewing Sarcoma

果酱是一种癌症肿瘤，在骨骼附近的骨骼或软组织中生长。它可以在身体的任何地方发展，但最常影响手臂，腿，肋骨，脊柱和骨盆。

ewing肉瘤的治疗涉及组合化疗，手术和/或radiation。随着早期诊断和适当的治疗，许多发展它具有良好的恢复机会。

Signs and Symptoms

Because most cases of Ewing sarcoma are in teens and kids older than 10, it often goes unnoticed or misdiagnosed as growing pains (due to its subtle, slow onset) or a sports injury because of similar symptoms.

Pain at the tumor site, as well as swelling or warmth, is common. The pain may be worse during exercise or at night, and a tender lump may form in the affected area a few weeks after pain begins. A tumor in a leg bone may cause a limp. A low-grade fever also can develop.

如果癌症已经传播，或者metastasized，对于像肺部或骨髓一样的身体的其他区域，也可能出现在那里的症状。在某些情况下，疾病的第一个迹象是一个破碎的手臂或腿, which happens because the cancer has weakened the bone and made it vulnerable to a break.

If your child or teen has any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible.

诊断

To diagnose Ewing sarcoma,a doctor will do a physical exam, take a detailed medical history, and order X-rays,一个MRI (magnetic resolution imaging)或骨骼扫描发现骨骼结构的任何变化。

A tissue sample of the tumor (biopsy) must be done for a diagnosis to be made. If a needle biopsy is done, the doctor will use a long hollow needle to take a sample of the tumor. Local anesthesia (medicine that numbs the area so the person won’t feel pain) usually is used. Or the doctor may order an open biopsy, in which a portion of the tumor is removed in the operating room by a surgeon while the child is asleep during the procedure under general anesthesia.

If a diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma is made, other imaging tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread to any other part of the body. Other exams will make sure that vital organs, such as the heart and kidneys, are working normally and able to tolerate treatment.

After treatment starts, repeating these tests will help determine how well treatment is working and whether the cancer is continuing to spread.

化疗/辐射

ewing sarcoma的治疗取决于许多东西，包括肿瘤的大小和位置以及疾病是否已经传播。万搏体育下载

大多数患者将接受化疗to kill cancer cells and shrink the cancer在外科去除或辐射之前，并防止癌细胞的扩散到身体的其他部位。除了肿瘤后还给出化疗，以帮助确保癌细胞不会回来。

化疗通常持续6个月至一年。在治疗过程中，儿童必须每2至3周留在医院。有些孩子可能需要在治疗之间住院，以进行并发症或副作用，如发烧或感染。化学药物静脉内（通过静脉）递送。

如果需要手术，则可以给出辐射以在手术切除前缩小肿瘤。如果肿瘤的位置会使手术过于危险或困难，也可以推荐辐射代替手术代替手术。万搏体育下载在辐射期间，高能X射线涉及肿瘤部位以杀死癌细胞并使它们远离生长和繁殖。

Most kids undergoing radiation don’t need to stay in the hospital overnight, but visit the hospital 5 days a week for several weeks instead.

Surgical Removal

After a course of chemotherapy, and possibly radiation, most tumors are removed surgically. Tissue that is removed may need to be replaced with a live tissue graft (from the patient’s own body), donor tissue (usually from a bone bank), or artificial tissue (made from metal or other synthetic material).

如果癌症蔓延到原始肿瘤周围的神经和血管，截肢（除去一部分肢体以及肿瘤）通常是唯一的选择。

副作用

截肢携带自己的短期和长期副作用。一个年轻人学会使用假期（人工）腿或手臂，它通常需要至少3到6个月，这只是长期心理和社会康复的开始。但很多孩子发现他们可以长期恢复他们最喜欢的活动。

通过组织移植物（捐赠或以其他方式），患者通常几乎立即开始移动受影响的身体部位。例如，对于从腿部的肉瘤恢复的孩子，例如，手术后6至12个月的物理治疗和康复通常让孩子走路，最初用助行器或拐杖走路，然后没有任何辅助设备。

手术后早期并发症包括感染和缓慢愈合手术伤口。而且，由于体长，金属假体装置或堤骨可能需要被替换，尽管可以随着孩子的增长调整一些假肢以适应。

其他晚期问题可能包括堤岸的骨折或岸骨的失败，以治愈孩子的骨骼，这可能需要更多的手术。由于破损风险，有些孩子们可以在运动的类型中受到限制。

Many of the medicines used in chemo also carry the risk of both short-term and long-term problems. Short-term effects include anemia, abnormal bleeding, and increased risk of infection due to destruction of the bone marrow, as well as kidney, liver, or heart damage.

一些药物膀胱炎症的风险d bleeding into the urine. Years after chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma, patients have an increased risk of developing other cancers and may have problems with fertility.

Prognosis

如果早期诊断患儿的味道肉瘤并且没有传播，孩子可以获得癌症治愈70％的可能性。

当疾病传播时，成功的治疗更加困难。然而，随着目前可用的有效性的治疗组合 - 以及地平线上的强大新疗法 - 具有晚期疾病的儿童前景正在改善。

Reviewed by:Christopher N. Frantz，MD
Date reviewed: September 2014